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By Thomas Sullivan•Last Updated May 14, 2025

Understanding Math Requirements and Scientific Foundations in Political Science

Introduction

Political science is a dynamic field that examines the systems, institutions, and behaviors that shape governments and societies. As students consider this discipline, two common questions arise: Does political science require math? And, is political science truly a science? This comprehensive guide addresses both questions, offering actionable information for prospective students, career-changers, and anyone interested in the intersection of politics, mathematics, and scientific inquiry.

Does Political Science Require Math?

Many students are relieved to learn that political science typically requires only minimal math -mainly what is included in a university’s general education curriculum. Most political science programs expect students to complete basic courses such as algebra or statistics, but advanced mathematics (like calculus) is rarely required unless paired with another major, such as economics or a specialized quantitative track [1] .

Typical Math Courses in Political Science Programs

At the undergraduate level, the majority of political science programs require students to complete one or more of the following:

College Algebra
Basic Statistics
Math for Liberal Arts
Occasionally, Geometry or Mathematical Modeling

For example, students at the University of Akron must take either College Algebra or Basic Statistics to fulfill their general education math requirement for a political science degree [4] . Northeastern University offers a combined Mathematics and Political Science BS, where students choose from courses such as Quantitative Techniques, Research Methods, and may take more advanced math as part of the combined major [3] .

Specialized and Quantitative Tracks

Some universities offer political science specializations or certificates that use more advanced mathematics. For example, the University of Rochester’s Mathematical Modeling in Political Science and Economics program requires coursework in statistics, game theory, linear models, and mathematical modeling [2] . Columbia University’s political science department offers courses that cover calculus, linear algebra, and probability theory for students interested in advanced quantitative analysis [5] .

Why Math Matters in Political Science

Math is used in political science mainly for research purposes: analyzing voting patterns, understanding public opinion surveys, and evaluating policy impacts. Basic statistics is especially important for students who wish to pursue graduate study or careers in research, polling, or data analysis. However, those focusing on political philosophy, theory, or qualitative research may find the math requirements lighter.

How to Prepare or Find Support

If you are considering a political science degree and are concerned about math:

Review admission and graduation requirements in the official university catalog or department website for your chosen school
Contact academic advisors for detailed guidance on course selection and support services
If you struggle with math, seek tutoring or preparatory courses offered by your institution’s learning center
Consider programs or concentrations that minimize advanced math if that aligns better with your skills and interests

You can typically find specific information and support by searching your chosen university’s official website or contacting their admissions or political science department directly.

Is Political Science a Science?

The question of whether political science is a science is often debated. Political science is widely classified as a social science . It uses scientific methods-including hypothesis formation, data collection, and empirical testing-to study human behavior, institutions, and systems. However, unlike the natural sciences (such as physics or chemistry), political science often deals with complex, unpredictable social phenomena and uses both quantitative and qualitative research methods [1] .

Political Science as a Social Science

Political science belongs to the family of social sciences, sometimes referred to as “soft sciences.” This does not mean it is less rigorous; rather, it indicates that:

The subject matter focuses on human society and relationships
Findings are often more interpretive and context-dependent
Both qualitative (case studies, interviews) and quantitative (surveys, statistics) methods are used

Despite these differences, political science shares with the natural sciences a commitment to systematic inquiry and logical reasoning. Many political science programs include training in research methods and data analysis, reinforcing its scientific character [3] .

Scientific Approaches in Political Science

Political scientists apply scientific principles to the study of:

Government structures and processes
Political behavior and public opinion
Policy analysis and evaluation
Comparative studies of political systems
International relations and conflict

Students looking for a more scientific or quantitative approach can seek out programs or concentrations emphasizing statistics, game theory, or modeling. For instance, Columbia University’s advanced courses cover mathematical concepts specifically for political science applications [5] .

Pathways and Opportunities in Political Science

Political science graduates can pursue a wide range of career paths, including government, public policy, international relations, law, journalism, and academia. Those with skills in quantitative analysis or research methods may find additional opportunities in data analysis, polling organizations, or think tanks. For those interested in deeper scientific or mathematical aspects, consider combined majors or certificates in mathematical modeling, statistics, or related fields.

How to Access Academic and Career Resources

If you want to explore political science or enhance your skills:

Visit the official website of your chosen university and search for “political science major” or “degree requirements”
Contact the political science department’s academic advising office for personalized guidance
Consider attending information sessions or open houses offered by university departments
Look for online information about interdisciplinary programs, such as mathematical modeling or quantitative social science certificates

For graduate programs or specialized tracks, review university graduate school pages and departmental research centers. Many universities also host public events and webinars on political science topics-these can provide valuable insights and networking opportunities.

Potential Challenges and Solutions

Some students may be anxious about the math requirements. Challenges often include:

Difficulty with statistics or research methods courses
Balancing quantitative and qualitative requirements
Uncertainty about which concentration best matches their skills

Solutions include seeking academic support, choosing concentrations with lighter math requirements, and leveraging tutoring or study groups. If quantitative courses are required, early and consistent preparation can help build confidence and competence. Engaging with faculty and advisors can also help clarify expectations and provide tailored support.

Summary and Key Takeaways

Political science usually requires only basic math, often limited to general education courses in algebra or statistics. Advanced math is typically reserved for those pursuing quantitative concentrations or interdisciplinary programs. Political science is considered a science-a social science-because it uses systematic, empirical methods to study complex social phenomena. Students have flexibility to tailor their coursework to match their interests and strengths, with plenty of academic support and resources available through university departments.